LEARNING OUTCOMES
The student, with the successful completion of the course, should:
- know the basic categories of organic compounds and be able to predict their chemical behavior based on their molecular structure.
- recognize the functional groups of organic compounds, understand the reactions and the mechanisms associated with them and relate the structure of the compounds to their biological activity.
- Describethe bonds involved in organic compounds with C-C or C-heteroatom single or multiple bonds and conjugated bonds and their effect on the geometry and reactivity of the system.
- Know the correct names (prefixes and suffixes) of the common functional groups. Given a structure or abbreviated type to use the IUPAC nomenclature to properly name organic compounds. Given an IUPAC name for any organic compound to draw its structure correctly.
- Recognize a stereogenic (chiral) center in a molecular structure.
- Given the reactants (a) identify nucleophilic center, the electrophilic center and the leaving group, (b) decide (if possible) if a SN1 or SN2 mechanism will be followed and (c) predict the structure of the products.
- Given the substrate, reagent and reaction conditions (a) predict the structure of the product (s), indicating the stereochemistry where necessary, (b) predict which product will be the main one, where more than one products are formed and (c) predict whether substitution or elimination will be the main reaction.
- Given the reactants (a) predict the structure of the product, indicating its stereochemistry (b) predict which addition product will be the main one, where more than one are formed.
- Use curved arrows and reaction diagrams to show the mechanisms of electrophilic aromatic substitution. Predicts and explains the entry point of a second substituent and the rate of substitution, in a monosubstituted benzene ring.
SYLLABUS
1. Carbon Chemistry – Bonds and Structure of Organic Compounds
Atomic orbitals- Ionic and covalent bond- Hybridization- Intermolecular forces.
2. Nomenclature of Organic Compounds – Homologous series
3. Isomerism – Stereochemistry
Structural Isomerism – Stereoisomerism – Enantiomerism – Light polarization Racemic mixtures – Diastereomerism.
4. Hydrocarbons
Alkanes and cycloalkanes – Alkenes – Alkynes – synthesis methods – chemical properties- geometric isomerism. Addition Reactions.
5. Alkyl halides
Nomenclature – chemical properties – mechanism of nucleophilic substitution, SN, elimination mechanism E.
6. Alcohols – Ethers
Nomenclature-Methods of synthesis-acidic character- physical and chemical properties
7. Aldehydes – ketones
Nomenclature-Methods of synthesis – physical and chemical properties of aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes and ketones.
8. Carboxylic acids and their derivatives
Nomenclature – acidity – synthesis methods – physical and chemical properties acyl halides -Anhydrides – Esters – Amides – Nucleophilic substitution.
9. Amines- Amino Acids- Peptides- Proteins
Nomenclature- Amine basicity- Synthesis methods- Physical and chemical properties- amino acid detection- synthesis and detection of peptides- proteins structure.
10. Aromatic hydrocarbons-benzene
Benzene structure, aromaticity and Huckel rule-nomenclature, electrophilic aromatic substitution in benzene, mono- and bi-substituted benzene.
11. Heterocyclic compounds
Heterocyclic compounds with a five-membered and a six-membered ring (furan, pyrrole, thiophene, pyridine) – Porphyrins and alkaloids.
12. Carbohydrates
Structure and classification- D and L stereochemical arrangement of monosaccharides-stereochemical representation- circular structure-reactions-disaccharides-polysaccharides- sugars in biological molecules.
13. Lipids
Triglycerides- phospholipids- waxes- steroids- terpenes