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LEARNING OUTCOMES
Aims and Scope
- The study of the topography, morphology and basic structure of organic systems of the human body, not including the cardiovascular and respiratory tract that are covered by Anatomy I, including the nervous and the endocrine system, and the sensory organs.
- The acquisition of knowledge of the anatomical structure of organic systems of the human body and the familiarity with the anatomical parts that constitute the systems, with the exception of those of cardiovascular and respiratory that are covered by the Anatomy I.
After successful completion of this course the student will be able to:
- Know the basics and critical features of the anatomy of the digestive, urogenital (urinary and reproductive system), endocrine, nervous system and sensory organs of the human body and the physiological functions of the human body.
- Describe, identify and highlight the corresponding anatomical areas with the underlying organs and their structural components.
- Be familiar with the human body.
- Understand the topography, morphology and broad structure of the systems of the human organism except of the respiratory and cardiovascular tract which are covered by Anatomy I.
SYLLABUS
Theory
The course is a basic introductory course on the concepts and principles of the science of Anatomy of the human body and is essential for the understanding of the physiology and pathology of the human being. The syllabus of this course aims to introduce students to the basic concepts of the structure, morphology, topography and functioning of organs and systems of the human body. It also provides to the student knowledge and skills in order to recognize, distinguish and describe the location and appearance of basic anatomical structures, organs and human systems (except for the cardiovascular and respiratory system covered by the Anatomy I) and to make detection and clinical evaluation of these anatomical regions. At the same time contributes to the learning of medical terminology and in the creation of scientific communication code of the professionals working in health area.
Theory
Detailed description of the organs of human systems except for those of respiratory and cardiovascular system (described by Anatomy II), as well as of the nervous, endocrine system, and the sensory.
1. Gastrointestinal System-Part I. Upper Alimentary Tract. Organs of the upper gastrointestinal tract (Parts, structure, function, partial segments). Locations of metabolism and absorption of nutritional substances (mechanical digestion): mouth, chemical digestion: stomach, duodenum, absorption: small intestine, portal system). Oral cavity, tongue, pharynx, oesophagus, stomach.
2. Gastrointestinal System-Part II. Lower Alimentary Tract. Organs of the lower gastrointestinal tract (Parts, structure, function, partial segments). Small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum), large intestine (cecum colon with appendix, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon. Sigmoid colon, rectum, annus.
3. Glands of Digestive system. Liver, pancreas, inner and outer hepatic bile transfer system, bile vessels, gallbladder, spleen, salivary glands. Anatomic elements of the hilus of liver (portal vein, hepatic artery, cholate vessel, etc).
4. Urinary System. Part I. Secretory Section. Parts of the secretory section (renal corpuscle:
glomerulus and Bowman capsule, proximal convoluted tubules, descending loop of Henle, ascending loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule, collecting duct, renal papilla). Anatomic elements of the hilus of kidney.
5. Urinary System. Part II. Drainage Section. Analytical description of the anatomic parts of kidney drainage tube (minor and major renal calyx, renal pelvis, ureter, urinary bladder – urethra (male and female).
6. Male Reproductive System. Parts of the external and internal male genital organs (analytical description). Pubes, scrotum, penis, testis, epididymis, spermatic cord and ductus deferens (vas deferens), seminal vesicles, ejaculatory ducts, prostate gland, Cowper’s glands. Testis tunica.
7. Female Reproductive System-Breast. Analytical description of the internal and external female genital organs (ovaries, uterine (Fallopian) tubes, uterus-cervix, vagina, pubes, major and minor lips of vulva, clitoris, vestibule of vagina, vestibular bulbs, Bartolini (vestibular) glands. Ligaments of the uterus-ovaries. Μammary gland: Structure, vessels, lymph nodes.
8. Cerebrospinal Nervous System. Part I. Functional division of brain. Nervous cells – neuroglia, neurotransmitters. Anatomical and embryological division of brain. Cerebral centers, ligaments of the cerebral hemispheres.
9. Cerebrospinal Nervous System. Part II.
Cerebellum, medulla oblongata, medulla spinalis. Meninges cerebrum and medulla spinalis. Cerebral vessels – Willlis hexagon, venous sinuses. Cerebrospinal fluid (production and circulation).
10. Peripheral Neural System I-Cerebral Nerves. Cranial nerves. The 12 cranial nerves (type of neurosis, aesthetic, kinetic, mixed, cranial nuclei location, foramen traversal).
11. Peripheral Neural System II-Autonomous Nervous System. Spinalis nerves and plexuses. Cervical, brachial, lumbar, sacral, vulvar, coccygeal, (location of origin, formation, areas giving neurosis). Autonomous Nervous system. Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Neural System-Celiac (Solar) plexus (location of their nuclei, organs giving neurosis and functions).
12. Neuroendocrine and Endocrine System. Broad description of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland (anterior or adenohypophysis, posterior or neurohypophysis), conarium (epihysis) and basic endocrine glands-secreted hormones. Thyroid, parathyroid glands, endocrine pancreas, adrenal glands.
13. Eye-Ear-Skin and Epidermal Appendages. Anatomic structure of Sensory organs. Description of the organs of audition and vision. Description of the skin and its appendages. Structure of hairs, sebaceous and sweat glands.