- On completion of the course the student will be able to:
- Know the effect of ionizing radiation on tissues (normal and abnormal)
- Know in depth the effects of ionizing radiations on the patient
- Use responsibly radiations on patients as professional in imaging, nuclear medicine or radiation therapy
The student will be able to:
- Know about radiation treatment equipment
- Know about the principles of radiation oncology
- Know about the applications of radiation treatment
The aim of the course is for the student to know about the ways and the routes of tumor spread and how to best apply the treatment for patient relief or cure.
Laboratory
The course aims to promote understanding, application skills and familiarity with radiation treatment planning. During this process students will get better understanding of radiation oncology and their responsibilities and duties in the Departments of Radiotherapy.
The aim of the course is also to improve insight of clinical radiation oncology and be able to participate in radiation treatment planning (simulation) and treatment sessions as well as address the particularities of oncology patients.
SYLLABUS
THEORY (part I)
1. The properties of ionizing radiation and interactions with matter
2. Chemical changes related to the absorption of ionizing radiation
3. Radiation dose and dose distribution in biological materials
4. Effect of radiation at molecular and submolecular level
5. Effect of radiation on cells and cell survival curve
6. Radiation sensitivity at the different phases of the cell cycle.
7. In vivo survival of cells after irradiation
8. The effects of radiation at tissue level (skin, mucosa, glands, thyroid, haemopoietic,
neural tissue, lungs, kidneys, fetus, reproductive system)
9. Genetic effects of radiation
10. Modification factors of the biological effects of radiation
11. Radiation and cancer
THEORY (part II)
1. Tumors of the CNS. (introduction, epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, pathological classification – primary CNS tumors, metastatic tumours of the central nervous system – diagnosis, clinical presentation, symptomatology, prognosis, treatment of tumors of the CNS)
2. CNS tumors: radiotherapy techniques (localized radiation therapy, wholebrain radiotherapy, CNS radiotherapy), radiotherapy side effects (acute, intermediate, longer
term). Gliomas, pituitary adenoma, craniopharyngioma, pineal tumors, meningiomas, Chordoma, spinal cord tumours (clinical picture, diagnosis, prognostic factors). Radiotherapy results. The role of radiotherapy in the treatment of brain metastases.
3. Spinal cord compression, the role of radiotherapy in cancerous meningitis. Modern approaches to treatment of CNS tumors: three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy, stereotactic radiotherapy -stereotactic radiosurgery (gamma knife) interstitial placement of radioactive isotopes, chemotherapy of CNS tumors.
4. Malignant neoplasms of the head and neck: istopathologoanatomical classification (mandible, nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, nasopharynx, oral cavity, tonsils, salivary glands, larynx, thyroid gland). Head and neck cancer – unusual locations: ear cancer, cancer of the nasal turbinates, cancer of the nasal cavity, paranasal sinus cancer. Treatment of cancer at usual locations.
5. Cancer of the nasopharynx: anatomy, epidemiology and etiopathogenesis, natural history and staging, symptoms and diagnosis, prognostic factors, treatment of nasopharynx cancer, the radiotherapy techniques in nasopharynx CA, treatment side effects.
6. Cancer of the oral cavity: anatomy, epidemiology and etiopathogenesis, natural history – Extension – staging, symptoms and diagnosis, general treatment approach, radiotherapy technique, radiotherapy side effects.
7. Cancer of the oropharynx: general anatomy, epidemiology and etiopathogenesis, natural history and staging, treatment, radiotherapy technique.
8. Cancer of the base of tongue: anatomy, epidemiology and etiopathogenesis, natural history and staging, treatment, radiotherapy technique, side effects of treatment.
9. Cancer of the larynx: introduction, anatomy, epidemiology and etiopathogenesis, natural history and staging, symptoms and diagnosis, treatment of cancer of the larynx, radiotherapy technique, side effects of treatment.
10. Cancer of the hypopharynx: anatomy, epidemiology and pathogenesis, natural history and staging, symptoms and diagnosis, treatment, side effects of treatment.
11. Cancer of the major salivary glands: parotid, submandibular salivary gland, sublingual salivary gland. Epidemiology, natural history and staging, symptoms and diagnosis, treatment, radiotherapy technique, side effects of treatment.
12. Thyroid cancer: general anatomy, epidemiology and etiopathogenesis, natural history and staging, symptoms and diagnosis, treatment, radiotherapy technique, side effects of treatment.
13. Lung Cancer: general (epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, staging, istopathologoanatomical classification, prognostic factors)
14. Small cell lung carcinoma: general, radiation therapy, the role of prophylactic brain irradiation. Non-small cell lung carcinoma: radiotherapy treatment, chemotherapy, surgery