PHYSIOLOGY

Learning outcomes

Aims and Scope
The course gives the student a clear insight into the structure and function of the most important organs and organ systems composing the human organism.
Purpose and aim of the course is to introduce students to physiological functions and homeostatic mechanisms of the human body against systems, the general rules governing the multifaceted and complex functional interdependence, their normal operating parameters and possible physiological deviations in cell level, tissue, organ and operating system.
After the successful completion of the course the student will be in the position to:

• Recognize and describe the physiological functions and the fundamental mechanisms underlying normal function of cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems of the human body.
• Understand the principles of the systems of the human body that coordinate all physiological functions and explain the basic mechanisms of homeostasis.
• Analyze the physiological function of a tissue or organ and the individual biological systems in relation to the support of the whole organization to be able to perceive the deviation from normal and semiotics-symptoms arising due to this disorder.
• Apply knowledge of functional mechanisms and their regulation to explain the pathophysiology underlying common diseases.
• Be familiar with scientific terminology-nomenclature of the science of human physiology, so to understand and use it accurately and scientifically to exercise his profession.
• Identify and utilize appropriate reference resources to clarify and expand knowledge of Physiology.

SYLLABUS

COURSE CONTENT
1. Basic operating principles of the human body. Cell and tissues.
2. Water, Electrolytes, Acid-Base Balance
3. Hematopoietic – Lymphatic system.
4. Immunity. Immune system
5. Heart and circulation.
6. Respiratory system.
7. Urinary system
8. Muscular system- Muscles- Muscle tissue
9. Nervous system. Senses – Senses.
10. Endocrine glands. Endocrine system.
11. Genital (reproductive) system. Fertilization – Pregnancy – Lactation
12. Digestive (Gastrointestinal) system. Pancreas-Liver-Bile
13. Metabolism. Nutrition. Thermoregulation

Laboratory
The laboratory part of the course includes exercises on all systems, specifically the following:
1. Microscope. Cell.
2. Hematocrit-Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate-Flow Cytometry.
3. Blood groups classification. Hemoglobin electrophoresis. INR
4. Electrical and mechanical phenomena in the heart. Electrocardiogram.
5. Blood pressure measurement. Ankle Brachial Index (ABI Test). Chest X-ray. Echocardiography.
6. Work of breathing. Spirometry. Mechanics of Breathing
7. Tendon reflexes-Electromyogram
8. Vision. Color vision. EEG
9. Body composition. Anthropometry. Measurement of basal metabolism.
10. Nutritional assessment. Assessment of nutritional status Dietary patterns. Metabolic syndrome-glucose-lipid measurement.
11. Determination of bone density by ultrasound. FRAX method
12. Kidney function check. Calculation of creatinine clearance. Audiometry.
13. Laboratory examinations